The project aims to explore the concepts of health and disease that people use and to examine their connection to existing health inequalities and medical dehumanization. The first part of the project, in collaboration with Andrew J. Latham, combines traditional philosophical theorizing with experimental methods. We examine people’s concepts of health and disease, explore how they deploy them to make health-related judgments, and consider whether subtle differences could contribute to misaligned perceptions that potentially exacerbate health disparities. Based on these results, the second part of the project will explore the connection between these varying concepts of health and disease, health inequality, and the phenomenon of medical dehumanization.